Hungary and Slovakia Halt Diesel Exports to Ukraine Amid Oil Transit Dispute: What It Means for Europe's Energy Future
Hungary and Slovakia suspend diesel exports to Ukraine after Druzhba pipeline disruption. Here’s a detailed breakdown of the crisis, the political fallout, and what it means for European energy security.
The energy fault lines running through Central Europe cracked wide open this week. On February 18, 2026, Hungary and Slovakia — two of the European Union’s most Russia-friendly governments — announced a coordinated suspension of diesel exports to Ukraine. The decision came as a direct response to Ukraine’s ongoing halt of Russian crude oil transit through the southern branch of the Druzhba pipeline, a critical energy artery that has supplied refineries in Budapest and Bratislava for decades.
What makes this story particularly significant isn’t just the geopolitical drama between Kyiv, Budapest, and Bratislava. It is a sharp reminder of how deeply intertwined European energy infrastructure remains with Russian oil — and how that dependency continues to shape diplomatic decisions even as the Russia-Ukraine war grinds into its fourth year.
The Druzhba Pipeline: A Cold War Relic at the Centre of a Modern War
To understand this dispute, you first need to understand the Druzhba pipeline. Built in the early 1960s during the Soviet era, the Druzhba — meaning “Friendship” in Russian — is one of the world’s longest oil pipeline networks, stretching over 4,000 kilometres from western Siberia into Central and Eastern Europe. Its southern branch carries Russian crude oil through Ukrainian territory and onward to refineries in Slovakia and Hungary.
For decades, this pipeline was simply infrastructure. Today, it is a weapon of political leverage.
Oil shipments through the Druzhba pipeline in Ukraine were halted on January 27, 2026, after reports indicated that pipeline infrastructure was damaged as a result of a Russian air strike on Ukrainian energy systems. What should have been a technical disruption quickly turned into a full-blown diplomatic standoff. Hungary and Slovakia accused Ukraine of deliberately refusing to restore transit even after the physical damage was repaired — a claim Kyiv firmly denies.
What Hungary and Slovakia Have Actually Done
The announcements came on the same day, in a clearly coordinated fashion, signalling that Budapest and Bratislava had strategised together before going public.
Hungary’s position: Hungarian Foreign Minister Péter Szijjártó declared that diesel fuel deliveries to Ukraine have been halted and would remain suspended until Ukraine restores crude oil transit via the Druzhba pipeline toward Hungary. Prime Minister Viktor Orbán went further on social media, calling Ukraine’s decision to block oil deliveries “blatant political blackmail,” and accusing Kyiv of trying to pressure Hungary into supporting Ukraine’s EU membership bid and releasing frozen funds.
Slovakia’s position: Slovak Prime Minister Robert Fico ordered the state-controlled Slovnaft refinery — which is majority-owned by Hungary’s MOL Group — to cease all diesel exports to Ukraine and redirect its entire production to the Slovak domestic market. Fico also approved the release of 250,000 tonnes of oil from state reserves to stabilise domestic supply during the transition period. In a dramatic escalation, Fico suggested that Slovakia might also suspend electricity exports to Ukraine as an additional countermeasure.
Both governments were quick to reassure their citizens: Hungary claims it has over three months of strategic fuel reserves, while Slovakia insists Slovnaft can cover domestic demand until alternative crude supplies arrive through the Adria pipeline from the Croatian coast, expected within 20–30 days.
Ukraine's Perspective: A War-Torn Country Fighting for Survival
Ukraine's response was measured but firm. Heorhii Tykhyi, a spokesman for the Ukrainian Foreign Ministry, stated that Hungary had been informed from the very first day exactly why the pipeline was shut down — implying that Russia's own missile strikes on Ukrainian energy infrastructure were the root cause of the disruption.
This is a crucial point that tends to get lost in the political noise: Ukraine is simultaneously trying to keep its energy infrastructure functioning while defending against an ongoing Russian bombardment that has repeatedly targeted that same infrastructure. The country has suffered severe energy crisis conditions throughout the winter of 2025–26, with Russian strikes causing extensive damage to power plants, heating systems, and oil transport networks.
Ukraine is not in a position to simply "flip a switch" and restore pipeline operations on demand. And from Kyiv's perspective, continuing to facilitate Russian oil exports — even for transit fees — while Russian missiles rain down on Ukrainian cities is a position that grows harder to defend politically and morally with each passing month.
It's also worth noting a critical piece of context: in early 2025, Ukraine's parliament proposed a complete ban on the transit of Russian oil and gas through Ukrainian territory during martial law. That political pressure has not gone away, and the current disruption may be as much a function of domestic Ukrainian politics as it is of infrastructure damage.
The European Commission Steps In — But Only to the Extent It Can
The European Commission has acknowledged the dispute but tried to calm nerves. Brussels stated that Hungary's and Slovakia's energy security was not at risk, citing sufficient reserves in both countries. The Commission's position is that this is a manageable supply disruption, not an existential energy crisis.
However, the Commission's ability to mediate is limited. Hungary and Slovakia both have the legal right to halt exports to third countries, and framing the suspension as a domestic supply priority measure — rather than an explicit punitive action — gives them political cover under EU rules.
Meanwhile, Hungary and Slovakia have jointly requested that the European Commission enable the transport of Russian crude oil through Croatian ports as an alternative supply route — a request that immediately ran into complications. Croatia initially rejected this, citing concerns that such transfers of Russian oil might violate American sanctions. This is yet another layer of complexity in what is already a multi-layered crisis.
MOL, Hungary's dominant energy company, has reportedly ordered 500,000 tonnes of Russian oil by sea, expected to arrive at a Croatian port in early March 2026.
What Does This Mean for Ukraine — and the Wider European Energy Market?
In the short term, the suspension of Hungarian and Slovak diesel exports is painful but not crippling for Ukraine. According to Ukrainian energy analysts, Hungary, Romania, and Lithuania collectively accounted for nearly 40% of Ukraine's diesel import volumes back in September 2025 — but that share had already fallen sharply by October, with Poland and Greece filling much of the gap. Poland and Greece now account for nearly 80% of Ukraine's diesel imports.
So while the optics of the suspension are damaging, Ukraine's actual fuel supply chain has already been diversifying away from Hungary and Slovakia. The suspension may ultimately accelerate that process.
For Europe, however, the episode raises uncomfortable questions. Why are two EU member states — in the middle of a war that the EU officially stands behind Ukraine on — still importing significant volumes of Russian crude oil through the territory of the country being invaded? The answer lies in the economics of refinery infrastructure. Both the Slovnaft refinery and Hungary's domestic refining complex were designed and built to process Russian crude. Retrofitting them to process alternative crude blends takes time, money, and engineering effort — and both governments have been slow to prioritise it.
Fico himself acknowledged this tension, noting that Slovnaft is "gradually transforming to be able to process not only Russian oil."
The Geopolitical Undercurrent: Orbán, Fico, and the EU's Awkward Dissenters
It is impossible to discuss this dispute without addressing the political context. Both Viktor Orbán and Robert Fico are outliers within the European Union — leaders who have maintained warmer ties with Moscow than Brussels is comfortable with, who have obstructed or delayed EU aid packages to Ukraine, and who have framed support for Kyiv as a threat to their national interests.
Orbán's characterisation of Ukraine's pipeline disruption as "political blackmail" fits neatly into a broader narrative his government has cultivated: that Hungary is a sovereign nation being pressured by both Brussels and Kyiv to take positions that don't serve Hungarian interests. Whether or not you find that narrative credible, it is effective domestic politics in Hungary.
Fico's suggestion that Slovakia might cut electricity exports to Ukraine as a further punitive measure takes the rhetoric several steps further. Slovakia exports electricity to Ukraine and has been an important energy partner — suspending that would be a genuine blow to Ukrainian civilians already struggling through a brutal winter with crippled heating and power systems.
The timing of these coordinated announcements — both governments announcing on the same day, after what reports describe as coordinated preparation — signals that Orbán and Fico are operating in lockstep. That alignment within the EU is something Brussels will need to take seriously as it tries to maintain a coherent European policy on the Russia-Ukraine war.
What Happens Next: Three Scenarios to Watch
Scenario 1 — Pipeline restored, crisis defused: Ukraine manages to restore Druzhba transit, Hungary and Slovakia resume diesel exports, and the crisis passes. This is the most straightforward outcome, but it depends on Ukraine being willing and able to restore transit — both technically and politically.
Scenario 2 — Prolonged standoff, accelerated diversification: The standoff continues for weeks or months. MOL's sea-shipped Russian oil arrives via Croatia, Hungary and Slovakia stabilise their domestic supply, and Ukraine deepens its diesel sourcing from Poland, Greece, and other suppliers. Both sides dig in, but no catastrophic shortages emerge.
Scenario 3 — Escalation into electricity dispute: Fico follows through on his threat to suspend electricity exports. This would be a significant escalation — electricity is not oil, and cutting power to a country at war would draw much sharper condemnation from Brussels. This scenario would put enormous pressure on the European Commission to formally intervene.
The Bottom Line
The Hungary-Slovakia diesel suspension is not just an energy story. It is a story about the unresolved tensions within the European Union over Russian energy dependence, about the political leverage that infrastructure dependencies create in wartime, and about how two EU governments are using an energy dispute to push back against Kyiv and, implicitly, against Brussels.
For anyone tracking European geopolitics, energy markets, or the Ukraine war, this is a story that deserves close attention over the coming weeks. The pipelines that were built to carry friendship now carry something far more complicated: the weight of a continent still reckoning with its relationship with Russian energy and the cost of war.
